Wutar lantarki sanannen kayan dumama lantarki ne na duniya.Ana amfani da shi don dumama, adana zafi da dumama ruwa mai gudana da watsa gas.Lokacin da matsakaicin dumama ya wuce ta ɗakin dumama na injin lantarki a ƙarƙashin aikin matsin lamba, ana amfani da ka'idar thermodynamics ta ruwa don kawar da babban zafin da ke haifar da dumama wutar lantarki, ta yadda zafin matsakaicin mai zafi zai iya haɗuwa. bukatun fasaha na mai amfani.
Juriya dumama
Yi amfani da tasirin Joule na halin yanzu na lantarki don canza wutar lantarki zuwa makamashin zafi don dumama abubuwa.Yawancin lokaci ana rarraba zuwa dumama juriya kai tsaye da dumama juriya.Wutar wutar lantarki na tsohon ana amfani da ita kai tsaye ga abin da za a dumama, kuma idan akwai ruwa mai gudana, abin da za a dumama (kamar karfen dumama wutar lantarki) zai yi zafi.Abubuwan da za a iya yin zafi kai tsaye dole ne su kasance masu jagoranci tare da babban juriya.Tun da zafi yana samuwa daga abu mai zafi da kansa, nasa ne na dumama ciki, kuma ingancin thermal yana da yawa.Dumamar juriya ta kai tsaye tana buƙatar kayan gami na musamman ko kayan da ba na ƙarfe ba don yin abubuwan dumama, waɗanda ke haifar da kuzarin zafi kuma suna watsa shi zuwa ga abin zafi ta hanyar radiation, convection da gudanarwa.Tun da abin da za a dumama da na'urar dumama sun kasu kashi biyu, nau'in abubuwan da za a dumama ba su da iyaka, kuma aikin yana da sauƙi.
Abubuwan da ake amfani da su don dumama kashi na juriya na kaikaice gabaɗaya yana buƙatar babban juriya, ƙaramin juriya na zafin jiki, ƙananan nakasawa a babban zafin jiki kuma ba sauƙin embrittle ba.Abubuwan da aka fi amfani da su sune kayan ƙarfe kamar ƙarfe-aluminum gami, gami da nickel-chromium, da kayan da ba na ƙarfe ba kamar silicon carbide da molybdenum disilicide.The aiki zafin jiki na karfe dumama abubuwa iya isa 1000 ℃ 1500 ℃ bisa ga irin kayan;da aiki zafin jiki na wadanda ba karfe dumama abubuwa iya isa 1500 ℃ 1700 ℃.Ƙarshen yana da sauƙi don shigarwa kuma ana iya maye gurbin shi da tanderu mai zafi, amma yana buƙatar mai kula da wutar lantarki lokacin aiki, kuma rayuwarsa ya fi guntu fiye da na abubuwan dumama na allo.Ana amfani da ita gabaɗaya a cikin tanderun zafin jiki, wuraren da zafin jiki ya wuce adadin zafin aiki da aka yarda da shi na abubuwan dumama ƙarfe da wasu lokuta na musamman.
Induction Dumama
Mai gudanarwa da kansa yana zafi ta hanyar tasirin zafi da aka samu ta hanyar induced current (eddy current) wanda mai gudanarwa ya haifar a madadin filin lantarki.Dangane da buƙatun tsarin dumama daban-daban, mitar wutar lantarki ta AC da aka yi amfani da ita a cikin dumama shigarwa ta haɗa da mitar wuta (50-60 Hz), mitar matsakaici (60-10000 Hz) da mitar mai girma (fiye da 10000 Hz).Matsakaicin wutar lantarki shine wutar lantarki ta AC da aka saba amfani da ita a masana'antu, kuma yawancin mitar wutar lantarki a duniya shine 50 Hz.Wutar lantarki da ake amfani da na'urar ƙaddamarwa ta hanyar samar da wutar lantarki don dumama shigar dole ne a daidaita shi.Dangane da ƙarfin kayan aikin dumama da ƙarfin cibiyar sadarwar wutar lantarki, ana iya amfani da wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi (6-10 kV) don samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar wuta;Hakanan ana iya haɗa kayan aikin dumama kai tsaye zuwa 380-volt low-voltage grid.
Matsakaicin wutar lantarki na tsaka-tsakin ya yi amfani da injin janareta na tsaka-tsaki na dogon lokaci.Ya ƙunshi janareta na tsaka-tsakin mitar mitoci da injin tuƙi asynchronous.Ikon fitarwa na irin waɗannan raka'a gabaɗaya yana cikin kewayon kilowatts 50 zuwa 1000.Tare da haɓaka fasahar lantarki ta wutar lantarki, an yi amfani da wutar lantarki na tsaka-tsakin mitar thyristor inverter.Wannan tsaka-tsakin wutar lantarki yana amfani da thyristor don fara canza mitar wutar lantarki mai canzawa zuwa halin yanzu kai tsaye, sa'an nan kuma canza canjin kai tsaye zuwa canjin halin yanzu na mitar da ake bukata.Saboda ƙananan girman, nauyi mai sauƙi, babu hayaniya, aiki mai dogara, da dai sauransu na wannan kayan aikin sauya mitar, a hankali ya maye gurbin saitin janareta na matsakaici.
Matsakaicin wutar lantarki yakan yi amfani da na'ura mai canzawa don ɗaga ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai lamba 380 mai lamba uku zuwa wani babban ƙarfin lantarki na kusan 20,000 volts, sannan yana amfani da thyristor ko babban siliki mai daidaitawa don gyara mitar wutar da ke canza halin yanzu zuwa kai tsaye. sannan a yi amfani da bututun oscillator na lantarki don gyara mitar wutar lantarki.Ana canza halin yanzu kai tsaye zuwa babban mitar, babban ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai canza halin yanzu.Ƙarfin fitarwa na kayan aikin samar da wutar lantarki mai girma daga dubun kilowatts zuwa ɗaruruwan kilowatts.
Abubuwan da aka zafafa ta hanyar ƙaddamarwa dole ne su kasance masu jagoranci.Lokacin da maɗaukakiyar juzu'i mai ƙarfi ya ratsa ta cikin madugu, mai gudanarwa yana haifar da tasirin fata, wato, yawan adadin da ke kan saman madubin yana da girma, kuma yawan halin yanzu a tsakiyar madubin yana da ƙananan.
Induction dumama na iya dumama abu gaba ɗaya da saman saman;yana iya narke karfe;a cikin mita mai yawa, canza siffar dumama na'ura (wanda kuma aka sani da inductor), kuma yana iya yin dumama gida na sabani.
Arc Heating
Yi amfani da babban zafin jiki da baka ke samarwa don dumama abu.Arc shine al'amari na fitar da iskar gas tsakanin na'urori biyu.Wutar lantarki na baka ba ta da girma amma na yanzu yana da girma sosai, kuma ƙarfinsa mai ƙarfi ana kiyaye shi ta hanyar ɗimbin ions da ke ƙafe akan na'urar, don haka arc ɗin yana da sauƙin shafar filin maganadisu da ke kewaye.Lokacin da aka kafa baka a tsakanin na'urorin lantarki, zazzabi na ginshiƙi na baka zai iya kaiwa 3000-6000K, wanda ya dace da zafi mai zafi na narke karafa.
Akwai dumama baka guda biyu, kai tsaye da dumama baka.Arc current na dumama baka kai tsaye ya ratsa ta cikin abin da za a dumama, kuma abin da za a dumama dole ne ya zama na'urar lantarki ko matsakaicin baka.Arc current na dumama baka na kaikaice baya wucewa ta cikin abu mai zafi, kuma zafi ne ke haskowa da baka.Halayen dumama baka sune: babban zafin jiki da kuzari mai yawa.Koyaya, amo na baka yana da girma, kuma halayensa na volt-ampere sune halayen juriya mara kyau (halayen sauke).Domin kiyaye kwanciyar hankali lokacin da baka ya yi zafi, ƙimar wutar da'irar nan take ta fi darajar ƙarfin farawar baka lokacin da arc na yanzu ya ketare sifili nan take, kuma don iyakance gajeriyar kewayawa. dole ne a haɗa resistor na wani ƙima a jere a cikin da'irar wutar lantarki.
Electron Beam Heating
Ana zafi saman abin ne ta hanyar jefa bam a saman abin da electrons da ke tafiya cikin sauri a ƙarƙashin aikin wutar lantarki.Babban abin da ake amfani da shi don dumama katako na lantarki shine wutar lantarki, wanda kuma aka sani da bindigar lantarki.Bindigan lantarki ya ƙunshi cathode, condenser, anode, ruwan tabarau na lantarki da nada karkatarwa.An ƙaddamar da anode, an haɗa cathode zuwa matsayi mara kyau, ƙuƙwalwar da aka mayar da hankali yawanci a daidai yake da cathode, kuma an kafa filin lantarki mai sauri tsakanin cathode da anode.Electrons da cathode ke fitarwa suna haɓakawa zuwa wani babban gudu a ƙarƙashin aikin wutar lantarki mai haɓakawa, wanda ke mayar da hankali ta hanyar ruwan tabarau na lantarki, sannan kuma ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar juzu'in jujjuyawar, ta yadda wutar lantarkin ta kasance tana karkata zuwa ga abin da ke zafi a cikin wani takamaiman yanayi. hanya.
Abubuwan da ake amfani da su na dumama katako na lantarki sune: (1) Ta hanyar sarrafa ƙimar halin yanzu Ie na katako na lantarki, ana iya canza wutar lantarki cikin sauƙi da sauri;(2) Za'a iya canza ɓangaren mai zafi da yardar rai ko kuma yankin ɓangaren da aka jefar da shi ta hanyar wutar lantarki za'a iya daidaita shi cikin yardar kaina ta amfani da ruwan tabarau na lantarki;Ƙara yawan ƙarfin wutar lantarki ta yadda kayan da ke wurin da bama-bamai ya ƙafe nan take.
Infrared dumama
Yin amfani da hasken infrared don haskaka abubuwa, bayan abin ya sha infrared haskoki, yana maida makamashin da ke haskakawa zuwa makamashin zafi kuma yana zafi.
Infrared shine igiyar lantarki ta lantarki.A cikin bakan hasken rana, a waje da ƙarshen ja na haske mai gani, makamashi ne mai haskakawa mara ganuwa.A cikin bakan na'urar lantarki, kewayon kewayon infrared haskoki yana tsakanin 0.75 da 1000 microns, kuma kewayon mitar yana tsakanin 3 × 10 da 4 × 10 Hz.A cikin aikace-aikacen masana'antu, ana rarraba nau'in infrared sau da yawa zuwa nau'i-nau'i masu yawa: 0.75-3.0 microns suna kusa-infrared yankuna;3.0-6.0 microns sune yankunan tsakiyar infrared;6.0-15.0 microns sune yankuna masu nisa-infrared;15.0-1000 microns yanki ne mai nisa-infrared Area.Abubuwa daban-daban suna da damar daban-daban don ɗaukar hasken infrared, kuma ko da abu ɗaya yana da damar daban-daban don ɗaukar infrared haskoki daban-daban.Sabili da haka, a cikin aikace-aikacen dumama infrared, dole ne a zaɓi tushen hasken infrared mai dacewa bisa ga nau'in abu mai zafi, don haka makamashin radiation ya ta'allaka ne a cikin kewayon raƙuman raƙuman ruwa na abu mai zafi, don samun kyakkyawan dumama. tasiri.
Hasken infrared na lantarki shine ainihin nau'i na musamman na juriya dumama, wato, tushen radiation an yi shi da kayan aiki kamar tungsten, iron-nickel ko nickel-chromium gami a matsayin radiator.Lokacin da aka samu kuzari, yana haifar da zafin rana saboda juriya da dumama.Mafi yawan amfani da wutar lantarki infrared dumama hanyoyin radiation sune nau'in fitila (nau'in tunani), nau'in tube (nau'in bututun ma'adini) da nau'in faranti (nau'in tsara).Nau'in fitilar kwan fitila ce mai infrared mai filament tungsten a matsayin radiator, kuma filament ɗin tungsten yana rufe a cikin harsashi na gilashin da ke cike da iskar gas, kamar kwan fitila na yau da kullun.Bayan da aka kunna wutar lantarki, yana haifar da zafi (zazzabi ya yi ƙasa da na fitilun fitilu na gabaɗaya), ta haka ne ke fitar da haskoki masu yawa na infrared tare da tsawon kusan 1.2 microns.Idan an lulluɓe Layer mai haske akan bangon ciki na harsashi na gilashi, hasken infrared zai iya tattarawa kuma ya haskaka ta hanya ɗaya, don haka tushen fitilar infrared na nau'in fitila kuma ana kiransa radiyo mai haskakawa.Tushen tushen hasken infrared mai nau'in bututu an yi shi da gilashin ma'adini tare da wayar tungsten a tsakiya, don haka ana kiranta da radiyon infrared mai nau'in ma'adini.Tsayin hasken infrared da ke fitowa ta nau'in fitila da nau'in bututu yana cikin kewayon 0.7 zuwa 3 microns, kuma yanayin zafin aiki yana da ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi.Fuskar radiation na tushen hasken infrared na nau'in farantin karfe ne mai lebur, wanda ya ƙunshi farantin juriya.An rufe gaban farantin juriya tare da kayan aiki tare da babban ma'auni mai mahimmanci, kuma gefen baya an rufe shi da wani abu tare da ƙananan ƙira, don haka yawancin makamashin zafi yana haskakawa daga gaba.The aiki zafin jiki na farantin irin iya isa fiye da 1000 ℃, kuma shi za a iya amfani da annealing na karfe kayan da welds na manyan diamita bututu da kwantena.
Domin haskoki na infrared suna da karfin shigar da su cikin sauki, abubuwa ne ke shanye su cikin sauki, kuma da zarar abubuwa sun shanye su, nan take sai su koma makamashin zafi;asarar makamashi kafin da bayan dumama infrared yana da ƙananan, yawan zafin jiki yana da sauƙin sarrafawa, kuma ingancin dumama yana da girma.Saboda haka, aikace-aikacen dumama infrared ya ci gaba da sauri.
Dumama Matsakaici
Kayan da aka rufe yana zafi da babban filin lantarki.Babban abu mai dumama shine dielectric.Lokacin da dielectric da aka sanya a cikin wani madadin lantarki filin, za a yi ta polarized akai-akai (a karkashin aikin na lantarki, surface ko ciki na dielectric za su sami daidai da kuma akasin cajin), ta yadda za a mayar da wutar lantarki a filin lantarki zuwa. makamashi mai zafi.
Mitar wutar lantarki da ake amfani da ita don dumama dielectric yana da yawa sosai.A cikin matsakaita, gajeriyar igiyar ruwa da matsananci-gajeren raƙuman raƙuman ruwa, mitar tana daga kilohertz ɗari da yawa zuwa 300 MHz, wanda ake kira matsakaicin matsakaicin dumama.Idan ya fi 300 MHz kuma ya kai ga bandeji na microwave, ana kiran shi microwave matsakaicin dumama.Yawancin lokaci ana yin dumama dielectric mai girma a cikin wutar lantarki tsakanin faranti biyu na polar;yayin da ake yin dumama dielectric na microwave a cikin jagorar raƙuman ruwa, rami mai resonant ko ƙarƙashin iska mai iska na filin radiation na eriyar microwave.
Lokacin da dielectric aka mai tsanani a cikin wani high-mita lantarki filin, da wutar lantarki tunawa da kowace naúrar girma ne P=0.566fEεrtgδ×10 (W/cm)
Idan aka bayyana ta fuskar zafi, zai kasance:
H=1.33fEεrtgδ×10 (cal/sec·cm)
inda f shine mitar filin lantarki mai girma, εr shine izinin dangi na dielectric, δ shine kusurwar asarar dielectric, kuma E shine ƙarfin filin lantarki.Ana iya gani daga ma'anar cewa ikon wutar lantarki da dielectric ke sha daga filin lantarki mai girma ya yi daidai da murabba'in ƙarfin wutar lantarki E, mita f na filin lantarki, da kuma asarar kusurwa δ na dielectric. .E da f an ƙaddara ta filin lantarki da aka yi amfani da su, yayin da εr ya dogara da kaddarorin dielectric kanta.Saboda haka, abubuwa na matsakaicin dumama sune abubuwa da yawa tare da babban asarar matsakaici.
A cikin dumama dielectric, tun lokacin da zafi ya haifar a cikin dielectric (abin da za a yi zafi), saurin zafi yana da sauri, ƙarfin zafi yana da girma, kuma dumama yana da daidaituwa idan aka kwatanta da sauran dumama na waje.
Ana iya amfani da dumama watsa labarai a cikin masana'antu don dumama gels na thermal, busassun hatsi, takarda, itace, da sauran kayan fibrous;Hakanan yana iya preheat robobi kafin yin gyare-gyaren, kazalika da vulcanization na roba da haɗin katako, filastik, da sauransu. .Don kayan haɗin kai, dumama dumama yana yiwuwa.
Jiangsu Weineng Electric Co., Ltd ne sana'a manufacturer na daban-daban iri masana'antu lantarki hita, duk abin da aka musamman a cikin factory, za ka iya da fatan za a raba your cikakken bukatun, sa'an nan za mu iya duba a cikakken bayani da kuma sanya zane a gare ku.
Tuntuɓi: Lorena
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Lokacin aikawa: Maris 11-2022